Mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, filariases, dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and West Nile fevers represent significant medical and veterinary problems around the world and lead to major economic problems [61]. Biological pest control, or "biocontrol", is the use of the natural enemies of pests like mosquitoes to manage the pest's populations. The publication of “Silent Spring” by Rachel Carson in 1962 raised public concerns about the use of DDT, characterized by high mammalian toxicity, poisoning risks to nontarget organisms, persistence in the biosphere surface, and an accumulation in food-chains [2]. In addition, anti-malarial and mosquito control programs offer little realistic hope to the 300 million people in developing nations who will be infected with acute illnesses this year. [17] Radiation is used to disrupt DNA in the mosquitoes and randomly create mutations. Find an answer to your question Describe the methods of biological control of mosquitoes. Certain pesticides and chemicals can significantly and effectively control the population of mosquitoes. Research is being conducted that indicates that dismantling a protein associated with eggshell organization, factor EOF1 (factor 1), which may be unique to mosquitoes, may be a means to hamper their reproduction effectively in the wild without creating a resistant population or affecting other animals. ). (2) Mosquito Transinfection. Consequences of the introduction of the planarian Girardia anceps (Tricladida: Dugesiidae) in artificial containers with larvae of the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Culex pipens (Diptera: Culicidae) from Argentina. Density dependent population regulation among immature stages has important implications for biological control of mosquito populations, primarily because it can lead to compensatory or overcompensatory mortality due to additions of a biological control agent. Historically, biological control utilizes predatory species and pathogenic microorganisms to reduce the population of mosquitoes as disease vectors. They showed that the amount of Wolbachia inside host cells and tissues appears to correlate with the strength of Wolbachia-mediated blocking. [19] Field trials were conducted in the Cayman Islands, Malaysia and Brazil to control the mosquitoes that cause dengue fever. 2017). Historically, biological control utilizes predatory species and pathogenic microorganisms to reduce the population of mosquitoes as disease vectors. [66] revealed a large diversity of Wolbachia strains in wild anopheline populations, which offers an unexpected opportunity to discover suitable phenotypes to suppress Plasmodium transmission and/or to manipulate Anopheles reproduction and reduces the malaria burden in Africa [66]. Citronella can be purchased in candle or oil form and is ideal for keeping mosquitoes out of small areas, like an outdoor patio. The authors thank Dr Florian M. Steiner, Editor in Chief of Myrmecological News Journal, and Dr Jacob A. Russell of Drexel University for allowing them to reproduce their Fig 1 of Myrmecology News 16: 7-23. Mermithid nematodes parasitizing mosquitoes have substantial potential for vector control. (1) Feminization. Unlike their female counterparts, male mosquitoes do not … Despite these successes, there are currently no effective vaccines against dengue, filariasis, or malaria, and specific treatments are only available for malaria and some filariases. Many individuals also believe mosquito control is the government's responsibility, so if these methods are not done regularly by homeowners then the effectiveness is reduced.[4]. A patent review on strategies for biological control of mosquito vector 2020 / in Scholarly Literature / by David Obrochta. (7)Additional studies, including laboratory experiments, semifield, and field trial on several mosquito vector species in different geographical population urgently need to be reinforced to better understand Wolbachia-mediated antiparasite mechanisms and interaction between hosts and parasites but also to provide empirical data to test theoretical models for Wolbachia population dynamics, and demonstrate the feasibility and sustainability of Wolbachia-based approach approaches to control mosquito and diseases they transmit. aegypti [89]. Mosquito breeding grounds can be eliminated at home by removing unused plastic pools, old tires, or buckets; by clearing clogged gutters and repairing leaks around faucets; by regularly (at most every 4 days) changing water in bird baths; and by filling or draining puddles, swampy areas, and tree stumps. The new biological control method is based on releasing Wolbachia-infected males in a targeted area. "[61], Insect ecologist Steven Juliano has argued that "it's difficult to see what the downside would be to removal, except for collateral damage". But the Malaria Eradication Programme failed in several malarial pilot areas in the African continent, due to the extremely high malaria heterogeneity and vector behavioral plasticity [78]. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge about the association between mosquitoes and Wolbachia, emphasizing the limitations of different mosquito control strategies and the use of mosquitoes’ commensal microbiota as innovative approaches to control mosquito-borne diseases. [7], For the first time, a combination of the nuclear sterile insect technique (SIT) with the incompatible insect technique (IIT) was used in Mosquito Control in Guangzhou, China. 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