Prepositional case: indicates the location of the action. The preposition “с” means “with” when used with the instrumental case. - The lamp is above the table. You would use the instrumental in a sentence like "we went there by car". In Russian, the instrumental case is used to indicate how something is done. - Behind this building there is a school. Refer to Lesson 14 - Instrumental Case for more detailed information. Most of these are reflexive verbs which we haven’t learnt yet. Иван хочет чай с молоком - Ivan wants tea with milk. - Ivan and his wife are going to the cafe. Otherwise replace with "ями", Exceptions: дочь - дочерьми (daughters), ребёнок - детьми (children), человек - людьми (people). This may sound vague, but it’s a quite complicated thing, that needs a couple 1000 words to explain correctly. Иван пишет карандашом - Ivan writes with a pencil. The Russian language has six cases to show what function a noun has in a sentence: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, and prepositional. Перед этой школой поверните налево. You may wish to review some of the cases to make sure you can form them. But after this lesson you will be able to recognise and form all six Russian cases, so we can start concentrating on more practical Russian such as vocabulary and using verbs. Learn the following phrases for special events in Russia. The New Penguin Russian Course: A Complete Course for Beginners, Russian-English Bilingual Visual Dictionary, Russian Learners' Dictionary: 10,000 Russian Words in Frequency Order. The verb “Быть” (to be, is, was) has no present tense. However, in Russian, personal pronouns can refer both to people and to objects. Russian-English Bilingual Visual Dictionary - A visual dictionary with lots of illustrated examples. За этим зданием - школа. You will learn more about this in a later lesson. Notes: 1. Я люблю блинчики с икрой - I love pancakes with caviar. The sixth and final case is the instrumental case. Анна с Иваном идут в кафе. - In front of this school turn to the left. Although you will get plenty more practice. Expand your vocabulary by learning the most used words first. Unfortunately it is hard to learn Russian without first learning about the cases. The New Penguin Russian Course: A Complete Course for Beginners, Russian-English Bilingual Visual Dictionary, Russian Learners' Dictionary: 10,000 Russian Words in Frequency Order. However when it is used in the past and future tense with nouns, the following noun is usually in the instrumental case. Remember that some of these prepositions may have different meanings if they are followed by a different case. So they commonly have the meaning ‘with me’, ‘with you’, ‘with him’. The case system is one of the major differences from Russian to English, so congratulations, you have reached an important milestone in your learning! For example: The same principal applies to parts of the day: Вечером я ем борщ со сметаной - In the evening I eat borsh with sour cream. In English this is normally done using the words “using” or “with”. Here are a couple of examples from lesson 4: Дайте, пожалуйста, кофе с молоком - Please give me coffee with milk. Дайте, пожалуйста, кофе с молоком и с сахаром - Please give me coffee with milk and sugar. 6+ In the course of the last two lessons we have learned how to form the Instrumental case with Russian nouns. Russian pronouns are used as a substitution for nouns, just like in English. Russian Learners' Dictionary: 10,000 Russian Words in Frequency Order - A simple but powerful concept. Я ем борщ со сметаной - I eat borsh with sour cream. Look at the last letter nominative singular form (dictionary form) and... The Big Silver Book of Russian Verbs - A great reference book of conjugated Russian verbs. In English these words can have different meanings, so it’s important to recognise when they are meaning “by means of”. The phrase "if stressed" in this case, means if the end of the word is stressed. In English we would use the word “and”, but Russian generally uses “с” (with). As this is a little bit advanced we won’t give examples now, but it is something to keep in mind. - Between lunch and dinner drink tea. Expand your vocabulary by learning the most used words first. If you are finding the Russian grammar difficult, don’t worry, after you learn the past tense you will have learnt most of the basic Russian grammar concepts. You now should be able to recognise how all Russian nouns are declined, perhaps some of the plurals will still be difficult, but it will come with some more practice. Here are some examples. From this point you will find that you are able to learn grammar more naturally by looking at sample Russian sentences and texts. If you feel you need a break from grammar concepts, now might be a good time to visit the vocabulary section of this site and try memorising a few Russian words. The instrumental case is used to express the concept of “by means of”. - Anna and Ivan are going to the cafe. “с” is normally pronounced as though it is part of the next word. The Russian word for ‘without’ is ‘без’. The next major point to learn in Russian grammar is forming the past tense, so that you can tell stories about things that have happened in the past. - Ivan and Anna are going to the cafe. In Russian the preposition “с” is also used to indicate when two people accompany each other. Today we will have a look at the personal pronouns in the Instrumental case. Russian grammar: Instrumental case, Russian personal pronouns. Мы с женой идём в кафе - My wife and I are going to the cafe. You should now be able to form each of the Russian cases, and understand the basic uses of each case. The instrumental case is used to illustrate the concepts of 'with' and 'by means of'. Another interesting language point is how Russians say “Ivan and I”. Под столом сидит кот. You would use the instrumental in a sentence like "we went there by car". For ease of pronunciation, when “с” it is followed by two or more consonants, it is often written as “со”. Russian Instrumental Case (With, By) In Russian, the instrumental case is used to indicate how something is done. Replace "а", "о" with "ами". A Comprehensive Russian Grammar - A great reference on Russian grammar. The New Penguin Russian Course: A Complete Course for Beginners - Probably the best course in a book. 3. Иван с женой идут в кафе. ‘вместе’ is the Russian word for 'together'. You can read more about Russian cases here) 1. 7+ In the previous lesson we’ve covered the Russian personal pronouns in the Instrumental case. Here are the Russian pronouns in the instrumental case. Анна с мужем идут в кафе. It is said as “Мы с Иваном” (“we, with Ivan”). The endings of Russian words change depending on the case they are in. Remember that these pronouns are very often follow the preposition “с”. The instrumental case is also used after the following prepositions. Я ем суп ложкой - I eat soup with a spoon. Changing a season to the instrumental case gives it the meaning of ‘in’. Над столом висит лампа. The Big Silver Book of Russian Verbs - A great reference book of conjugated Russian verbs. The following verbs are used commonly used with the instrumental case. Russian Learners' Dictionary: 10,000 Russian Words in Frequency Order - A simple but powerful concept. So they commonly have the meaning ‘with me’, ‘with you’, ‘with him’. However it is followed by the genitive case.2. Wish to review some of these prepositions may have different meanings if they are in means! 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