According to the written decree, the monument honored the young king by associating his new cult with those of his Ptolemaic ancestors (the dynasty of successive king Ptolemy's). Many people have heard of the Rosetta Stone, but few know the fascinating history of this Egyptian artifact. Both the intellectual and the physical prerequisites for the decipherment of the hieroglyphic script first presented themselves at the end of the 18th century. In 392 CE the emperor Theodosius I decreed the closure of all non-Christian spaces of worship. French troops were occupying Rosetta in July of 1799 when a corps of engineers working on the old Mamluk fort discovered a large slab of rock within an earthen wall. Visit My Modern Met Media. The Rosetta Stone made it possible to read more than a thousand years of Egyptian history. Using the diverse written languages of the Egyptian populace, three languages were included on the stone: Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, Egyptian demotic script, and Ancient Greek. The hieroglyphic text on the Rosetta Stone contains six identical cartouches (oval figures enclosing hieroglyphs). Omissions? The Rosetta Stone, with Egyptian hieroglyphics in the top section, demotic characters in the middle, and Greek at the bottom; in the British Museum. Premium Membership is now 50% off! Only the date and the names were changed! If it were not for the Rosetta Stone archaeologists would not be able to translate Egyptian hieroglyphics. (Photo: Delengar via Wikimedia Commons [CC BY-SA 3.0]), Map of Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign. Save 50% off a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The Rosetta Stone is an incomplete grey and pink granodiorite stela dating from 196 BCE which presents a priestly decree concerning King Ptolemy V of Egypt.The text is in three different versions: Hieroglyphic, Demotic and Greek, a fact which immeasurably helped to finally decipher Egyptian hieroglyphics.. Recovery. In 1802 the stele was installed in the British Museum, where it remains on view to this day. Inscribed in two languages, Egyptian and Greek, and three writing systems, hieroglyphics, demotic script (a cursive form of Egyptian hieroglyphics), and the Greek alphabet, it provided a key to the translation of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing. In the 19th century, the Rosetta Stone helped scholars at long last crack the code of hieroglyphics, the ancient Egyptian writing system. The inscriptions, apparently composed by the priests of Memphis, summarize benefactions conferred by Ptolemy V Epiphanes (205–180 bce) and were written in the ninth year of his reign in commemoration of his accession to the throne. The military defeat of the French did, after all, yield a moment of glory when, in the summer of 1799, a French army captain, Pierre-François Bouchard, discovered the Rosetta Stone (on 15 July 1799) as he carried out excavation works to strengthen the defensive zone of the city of Rashid (Rosetta), some 80 kilometers from Alexandria. After the Stone was shipped to England in February 1802, it was presented to the British Museum by George III in July of that year. Through the work of many linguists and archaeologists the Rosetta Stone became a tool to decipher ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, making scholars and archaeologists able to translate an innumerable … Casts of the stone were taken and sent to scholars to examine. Champollion's table of phonetic glyphs. Receive our Weekly Newsletter. It is the Most Visited Object in the British Museum. The Rosetta Stone, basalt slab from Fort Saint-Julien, Rosetta (Rashīd), Egypt, 196, hieroglyphic writing: Discovery of the Rosetta Stone. According to the written decree, the monument honored the young king by associating his new cult with those of his Ptolemaic ancestors (the dynasty of successive king Ptolemy's). By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The Rosetta Stone in the collections of The British Museum, London, UK. In 1801, French troops in Egypt were defeated by … (Photo: ProtoplasmaKid via Wikimedia Commons [CC-BY-SA 4.0]), Unearthing the Importance of the Life-Sized Terracotta Warriors, 6 Incredible Facts About the Prehistoric Altamira Cave Paintings, 10 Facts About the Parthenon, the Icon of Ancient Greece, How This 30,000-Year-Old Figurine Continues to Captivate Today. Find out how by becoming a Patron. The Rosetta Stone was carved to commemorate the coronation of Ptolemy V in the second century BCE. Corrections? The Rosetta Stone—not an exceptional object at the time—met the same fate. Black Friday Sale! The Rosetta Stone was carved to commemorate the coronation of Ptolemy V in the second century BCE. Analyzing the Rosetta Stone. Rosetta Stone has even become a name for an essential clue in a field of knowledge. It was discovered by a Frenchman named Bouchard or Boussard in August 1799. When she isn’t writing, she enjoys hiking, film photography, and reading while cuddling with her cat Georgia.

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