Overexposure to nitrates and nitrites can lead to a condition called methemoglobinemia in which the body is deprived of oxygen, causing a blue-gray discoloration of the skin. Especially sensitive to nitrates are children under the age of one year and people with chronic cardiovascular diseases. Use nitrate medications only as prescribed. Prevention of nitrate poisoning is the use of high-quality food and drinking water. The body is mainly able to compensate for the harmful effects of small doses of nitrates. Children can get poisoned if they accidentally use nitrogenous fertilizers, prepare milk mixtures on poor-quality water, when nitrates are found in complementary foods in vegetables, and in fruit juices. There are signs of a hypoxic state of tissues: shortness of breath, palpitations, fatigue, cyanosis of the skin. However, home-prepared infant foods from vegetables (eg, spinach, beets, green beans, squash, carrots) should be avoided until infants are 3 months or older, although there is no nutritional indication to add complementary foods to the diet of the healthy term infant before 4 to 6 months of age. Nitrate poisoning develops, the symptoms and treatment of which are similar to nitrite and nitrosamine poisoning. Boiling water with nitrate nitrogen concentrations of <10 ppm for 1 minute generally is sufficient to kill microorganisms without over concentrating nitrate.21. The severity of methemoglobinemia is directly proportional to the percentage of red blood cells affected. Nitrate medications prescribed for people who have high blood pressure or heart disease dilate blood vessels, easing the resistance to blood flowing through them. He had inadvertently inhaled the liquid and had also gotten some on his skin. Environ. However, plants and animals cannot make use of it in this gaseous form. However, diarrhea is usually absent. Sodium nitrate is commonly used as a preservative in curing meats and ammonium nitrate is found in instant cold packets. When poisoning with nitrates in children, the symptoms more indicate damage to the circulatory and nervous system: Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea are less pronounced and may be absent. Or Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address, Infant Methemoglobinemia: The Role of Dietary Nitrate in Food and Water, Hydrogeochemistry, water quality and health risk assessment of water resources contaminated by agricultural activities in Korkuteli (Antalya, Turkey) district center, Severe acute haemolytic anaemia associated with severe methaemoglobinaemia in a G6PD-deficient man, Nitrate removal from water by immobilized bacteria, Case 1: Bluish Discoloration in an Infant, Nitrate occurrence in groundwater hosted in hard-rock aquifers: estimating background values at a regional scale, Dietary Nitrate and the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease: Report From a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop, Visual Diagnosis: A 7-Month-Old Girl With Cyanotic Spells, Reexamining the Risks of Drinking-Water Nitrates on Public Health, Iodine Deficiency, Pollutant Chemicals, and the Thyroid: New Information on an Old Problem, Enzymology and ecology of the nitrogen cycle, Food sources of nitrates and nitrites: the physiologic context for potential health benefits, Drinking Water From Private Wells and Risks to Children, and the Committee on Environmental Health, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-1497, Information on the Quality of Water Found at Community Water Systems and Private Wells, Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, Exposure to Nontraditional Pets at Home and to Animals in Public Settings: Risks to Children, Follow American Academy of Pediatrics on Instagram, Visit American Academy of Pediatrics on Facebook, Follow American Academy of Pediatrics on Twitter, Follow American Academy of Pediatrics on Youtube, www.cdc.gov/nceh/emergency/wellwater/WellResults.htm, Committee on Environmental Health, 2003–2004, AAP Policy Collections by Authoring Entities, Copyright © 2005 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Water contamination. • For infants who are bottle-fed, nitrate poisoning can happen when nitrate contaminated drinking water is used to dilute formula. Soreness in the liver, yellowness of the proteins of the eyes. document.write(year); Excessive dilation of blood vessels can lead to a dangerous drop in blood pressure. Alcohol - aggravates toxic effects. So, if you get into the stomach of 3.5 grams of potassium nitrate, possibly fatal poisoning. The nitrate nitrogen concentration of the water should be <10 ppm. When digestive disorders apply sparing diet: eliminate harmful foods, pay attention to cereals and stewed vegetables, low-fat boiled meat. In severe cases, there are impaired functioning of the nervous system: pain in the back of the head, dizziness, drowsiness or anxiety, disorder of coordination, convulsions and coma.
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