We hypothesized that reproduction should increase N turnover, unless a larger N pool or improved N resorption can compensate for the losses associated with reproduction. P. alpina, however, lost about three times as much N (12%) as the other two species through its shed petals, which were both heavier (1.1 mg based on pooled samples, n = 146 petals) and contained more N (0.94 mmol g−1) than those of P. vulgaris and P. villosa (0.9 mg, n = 95 and 0.2 mg, n = 47; 0.60 and 0.81 mmol N g−1, respectively). 1983, Karlsson et al. Some grow in moss, others just cracks in the rocks, quite often on north facing cliffs. Pinguicula vulgaris carnivorous plant common. Despite the production of capsule and stalk, dry matter productivity was not significantly higher in reproductive than in non‐reproductive plants (Table 3). Pinguicula Growing and Care Guide. Nitrogen‐use‐efficiency: a biologically meaningful definition? Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves of the clonal plant Linnaea borealis in relation to reproductive state and resource availability, British Ecological Society, 42 Wharf Road, London, N1 7GS, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00595.x. These data confirm that in these plants reproduction considerably influences the N budget of the plant. ... Reproduction. Mean residence time (MRT, upper panel), annual nitrogen productivity (aNP, middle panel) and nitrogen use‐efficiency (NUE, lower panel) in relation to reproductive allocation of three species of Pinguicula during 2 years. On chronically infertile soils nutrient acquisition is not limited by uptake kinetics of the roots but by the slow diffusion of ions in the soil solution (Nye 1977; Chapin 1980). All three are iteroparous herbaceous geophytes with a basal leaf rosette, relatively few unbranched roots, and one or a few flower stalks, each bearing a single flower. "Regularly forms bulbils, averaging only 2 per year; not clear whether these are the main method of reproduction (Heslop-Harrison, Biol. And useful too! Furthermore, reproductive plants of P. alpina showed a higher photosynthetic NUE than non‐reproductive individuals (Méndez & Karlsson 1999). Although reproductive plants usually have larger biomass and nutrient pools than vegetative plants during the growing season, they also lose more nutrients through senescing reproductive structures in the autumn (Karlsson 1986, 1988; Thorén et al. Furthermore we estimated the leaf resorption proficiency (RPROF), i.e. Although aspects of the resource economy of carnivorous plants have been studied (e.g. This early flowering species has a perennial root system. Distribution‐free and robust statistical methods: viable alternatives to parametric statistics? We ignored nitrate‐N because nitrate is present, if at all, in very low amounts in nutrient‐poor heath systems of the study area (Jonasson et al. The permutations were based on an ‘approximate randomization’ procedure (Noreen 1989) and 5000 permutations were calculated as suggested by Potvin & Roff (1993). The photosynthetic NUE, i.e. Flowers: Spring through to summer. Average REFF of the study species of between 40% and 67% (Table 4) matched with values found for a large number of plant species of different life‐forms (Aerts 1996). 1994) renders carnivory an unreliable source of nutrient income. 3 vols, Vergleichende Chorologie der zentraleuropäischen Flora. For the winter period 1996–97, we used the mean N pool of harvests (v) and (vi), for the remaining part of 1997 we used the winterbud N pool of the harvest (ix), and for the time period prior to the first harvest in 1996 we averaged the N pool of harvests (v) (vi) and (ix). PLANTATT - Attributes of British and Irish plants. 1996) and demographic terms (Svensson et al. +49 (0)641‐99 37 188; fax +49 (0)641‐99 38 169; e‐mail, I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of Use, Mineral nutrition of carnivorous plants: a review, Nutrient use‐efficiency in evergreen and deciduous species from heathlands, Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves of perennials: are there general patterns, Interspecific competition in natural plant communities: mechanisms, trade‐offs and plant‐soil feedbacks, The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited: a re‐evaluation of processes and patterns, Effects of insect trapping on growth and nutrient content of, The origin and rarity of botanical carnivory, Effects of dominant plant species on soils during succession in nutrient‐poor ecosystems. 1996). Seed In infertile environments a cost of reproduction could be mediated by flower and seed production accelerating nutrient turnover, leading to increased nutrient losses that cannot be replenished by uptake from the soil. The annual average N pool size that tended to be smaller in flowering plants than in vegetative ones (Table 2), was similar in P. alpina and P. vulgaris (8–10 µmol N per plant) but was 60% smaller in P. villosa. 2 vols. For P. alpina, its perennial root system that allows for rapid growth during the early part of the growing season when nutrients presumably are in good supply may compensate for some of the extra investment into reproduction. Reproductive plants of all species showed significantly higher annual N losses than non‐reproductive individuals (Table 1). the level to which N concentrations were reduced in senescent leaves (Killingbeck 1996). The scales protecting the winterbud were distinguished from leaves by their small size and lack of glands and were weighed separately from leaves. Budscales and leaves senescing before maximum N pool size was reached. Berendse & Aerts 1987). 1991; Thorén & Karlsson 1998) and increased survival (Zamora et al. Pinguicula, also known as butterworts are a genus of carnivorous plants that grow all over the world. These losses include shed seeds as well as possible resorption from the stalks and leaching losses from the senescent capsules and stalks. active polygons (P. alpina), stabilized polygons (P. vulgaris) and Sphagnum fuscum hummocks (P. villosa). Pinguicula vulgaris - Common Butterwort A insectivorous British wildflower flowering from May to July in bogs, fens and damp hea Pinguicula vulgaris, the common butterwort, is a perennial carnivorous plant in the bladderwort family Lentibulariaceae. 1a). The fact that RSC < RE in all species indicates that there should be some sort of compensation mechanism at work (Thorén et al. 1996; Hemborg & Karlsson 1998). 1993; Weih 1998). Karlsson 1988; Thum 1988; Karlsson et al. We investigated these questions in 11 populations of the carnivorous plant Pinguicula vulgaris in northern Scandinavia. Abstract. The proportion of N lost as seeds was highest in P. villosa (42%) followed by P. vulgaris (41%) and P. alpina (34%) (Table 1), with P. villosa also showing the highest relative loss through reproductive support structures (capsule and stalk, about 20% vs. c. 10% in the other two species). 1999). In response to resource supplementation (feeding with fruit flies), plants attained a mass 60% greater than that of unfed plants after a single growing season. In P. alpina and P. vulgaris, we analysed the pooled living vegetative parts (i.e. Reproductive effort in plants.
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