What is the contribution of candido bartolome to gymnastics? Note the usefulness of the periodic table in predicting likely ion formation and charge (Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\)). Covalent bonding is an important and extensive concept in chemistry, and it will be treated in considerable detail in a later chapter of this text. Magnesium and nitrogen react to form an ionic compound. 3.4: Molecular and Ionic Compounds (Problems), http://cnx.org/contents/85abf193-2bd...a7ac8df6@9.110, Adelaide Clark, Oregon Institute of Technology. Atoms of group 17 gain one electron and form anions with a 1− charge; atoms of group 16 gain two electrons and form ions with a 2− charge, and so on. Ionic bonds are electrostatic forces of attraction, that is, the attractive forces experienced between objects of opposite electrical charge (in this case, cations and anions). The subscript number by sodium represents the number of, sodium atoms needed to form that compound Na2, The subscript number by chlorine represents the number of, chlorine atoms needed to form that compound Cl2. A polar covalent bond B. How much does does a 100 dollar roblox gift card get you in robhx? has one extra electron beyond what the neutral oxygen and hydrogen atoms would have, Although most are anions, there are some, which are cations. Identify ionic or covalent and write the formula: Silicon tetrahydride. Example \(\PageIndex{4}\): Predicting the Formula of a Compound with a Polyatomic Anion. Potassium selenide (K2Se) Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users. Compounds are classified as ionic or molecular (covalent) on the basis of the bonds present in them. (f) sodium bisulfate (the common name for sodium hydrogen sulfate). As with simple ionic compounds, these compounds must also be electrically neutral, so their formulas can be predicted by treating the polyatomic ions as discrete units. A compound that contains ions and is held together by ionic bonds is called an ionic compound. Hydrogen (group 1) is a nonmetal, and oxygen (group 16) is a nonmetal; H, Carbon (group 14) is a nonmetal, hydrogen (group 1) is a nonmetal, and chlorine (group 17) is a nonmetal; CHCl, Lithium (group 1) is a metal, and carbonate is a polyatomic ion; Li. Write the correct name for each of the following. If you are 13 years old when were you born? For each of the following pairs of ions, write the symbol for the formula of the compound they will form: (a) Ca2+, S2− Enable and reload. (e) MnO2 (d) BeCl2 (, name as it appears on the back of your PT), When there is more than one of the polyatomic ion needed you must, show this by placing the ion in brackets to show that the subscript number applies to the whole ion. The symbol for the ion is Mg2+, and it is called a magnesium ion. The formula would be Al2O3. We designate this by enclosing the formula for the dihydrogen phosphate ion in parentheses and adding a subscript 2. If it is ionic, write the symbols for the ions involved: (a) NF3 An example of this is potassium and chloride. Ionic compounds generally form from metals and nonmetals. Because an ionic compound is not made up of single, discrete molecules, it may not be properly symbolized using a molecular formula. The \(\ce{PO4^{3-}}\) groups are discrete units, each consisting of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms, and having an overall charge of 3−. (e) ammonium nitrate Potassium (group 1) is a metal, and iodine (group 17) is a nonmetal; KI is predicted to be ionic. 4 0 obj %���� Two aluminum ions, each with a charge of 3+, would give us six positive charges, and three oxide ions, each with a charge of 2−, would give us six negative charges. Many compounds do not contain ions but instead consist solely of discrete, neutral molecules. (b) \(\ce{NH4+}\), \(\ce{SO4^2-}\) Predict whether the following compounds are ionic or molecular: Using the periodic table, predict whether the following compounds are ionic or covalent: Metals (particularly those in groups 1 and 2) tend to lose the number of electrons that would leave them with the same number of electrons as in the preceding noble gas in the periodic table. These ions, which act as discrete units, are electrically charged molecules (a group of bonded atoms with an overall charge). What bond is formed between potassium and selenium. Have questions or comments? When did organ music become associated with baseball? The symbol for the ion is N3−, and it is called a nitride ion. While we can use the positions of a compound’s elements in the periodic table to predict whether it is ionic or covalent at this point in our study of chemistry, you should be aware that this is a very simplistic approach that does not account for a number of interesting exceptions. (d) TiCl4 For more information contact us at info@libretexts.org or check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org.
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