Deduction. (507), Without the influence of this, of what would we be entirely ignorant? Sometimes said to be “inductively but not deductively valid”. Contrasted with (merely) descriptive claims/terms. How does he distinguish them? (509.1) How does H. describe the sentiment associated with the latter? Empirical. Straw position / Straw man. a mouse in the house). A normative term is one that cannot be used except in making normative claims. From the answers to 11 and 12, what follows about the epistemological status of the principle "similar events have similar effects"? All cats are fat, a fortiori Tibbles is fat. (520), 25. Enumerative induction. Click here to study/print these flashcards. Use/Mention. Sound. 24. A position under criticism, but which no one really holds. Not to be confused with the fallacious: if X, then Y, not X, therefore not Y (“Denial of the antecedent”). (502) What should we say to those devotees of science who look to it to unlock the ultimate secrets of natures? To what does the creative power of the mind amount? Induction. How does the belief in the existence of things not present to sensation arise, according to H.? Unit 4: How One Should ... and a clearer account of what it is still desired. An argument begs the question iff one of the premises of the argument covertly assumes the truth of the conclusion – that is, the argument is circular. A priori / a posteriori. 14. 9. In what does the difference between fiction and belief lie? Give examples of each. E.g. Give examples of each. E.g. To infer to the best explanation is to infer from the existence of a phenomenon (e.g. Why is it circular to argue in a probabilistic manner that the future will be like the past? Argument. How does he avoid this radical conclusion himself? Can we discover a clear impression corresponding to the idea of power associated with our apparent ability to entertain and dismiss ideas? A normative (or “prescriptive”) claim is one that could be true only if someone or other ought to do something, or something ought to be the case. How should we ascertain the meaning of a philosophical term? What "principle" determines us to infer the existence of one object from another? An imagined scenario. Type/Token. Inference to the best explanation. In part, thisdepends on the fact that the term ‘word’ itself is highlypolysemous (see, e.g., Matthews 1991; Booij 2007; Lieber 2010). a belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response. (517). It is contingent iff it obtains though it could have failed to obtain. Necessary / Contingent. Metaphysics / Epistemology. That is, comparatively few believeeither that a meaningful life is a merely neutral quality… And if it be impossible to assign any, this will serve to confirm our suspicion. Ipso facto (“By that very fact”). Forexample, in ordinary parlance ‘word’ is ambiguous betweena type-level reading (as in “Color and colourare spellings of the same word”), an occurrence-level reading(as in “there are thirteen words in th… 1. A fortiori (“Hence still more strongly”). (497-98), 4. What three principles of association does H. find? What claim does H. make about the way "all events seem" to philosophical introspection? Reductio ad absurdum (“Reduction to absurdity”). A claim is ad hoc iff it lacks independent motivation but is made instead solely so as to save the pet theory of the person making it. (501) Are any laws of nature knowable a priori? Explain. 23. Any inference of the form: if X, then Y, X, therefore Y (“Affirmation of the antecedent”).
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