He belongs to Eleatic School of thought. Meanwhile, with the rapid expansion of Christianity after 313 (when Constantine granted the religion official tolerance), theologians began to assemble a comprehensive Christian view of the universe by blending the revelations of scripture with Greek and Roman philosophy; until the High Middle Ages, their preferred philosophical source was Plato. This ancient city gave rise to the earliest Greek philosophers, namely Thales and his successors (most famously Anaximander and Anaximenes). (Oh!) The foremost names in existentialist literature may be Kierkegaard, Sartre, and Camus.2. Both were influenced by the Romantic movement, which emphasized subjective, individual experience and belief over objective reality and societal values. visions or scripture). ), The third great social contract theorist was Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a supporter of liberalism who envisioned an idyllic state of nature. The most impressive thing you ever did was rip off your own lottery! Socrates and Plato tended to analyze the world in a rationalist manner; that is, by examining philosophical matters (existence, knowledge, and values) via analysis of truths innately known by the mind, without reference to physical experience. Western culture has ascended! assault, theft, arbitrary imprisonment) as well as freedom of choice (e.g. )1, Descartes' most famous argument states that while one cannot ever be certain that one is in the real, physical world (since there is always the possibility that one is dreaming), one at least knows with certainty that one exists, simply because one is thinking about it. This is explained by philosophy's lack of objective evidence: while scientific theories can be tested, philosophy consists of innumerable arguments that can never be proven or disproven (or even necessarily demonstrated to be meaningful). Instead of offering one's knowledge or opinions on a given issue, the socratic method consists simply of asking probing questions about the issue. Glossary of philosophy This page was last edited on 24 November 2020, at 08:09 (UTC). In terms of exposure to the philosophical ideas of others, most people are content with the views they naturally encounter in everyday life (e.g. One must battle these negative tendencies of the mind by actively constructing meaning for one's own life (i.e. This compelled them to come together and form a "social contract", whereby they accepted the authority of a government in exchange for its protection. I'm Voltaire; I'm fucking fabulous, bitch! Over time, this approach leads the person responding to the questions to see new aspects of the issue, to sharpen their terminology, and to rectify their position if inconsistencies are detected.2,6. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. These early Christian thinkers included Saint Augustine, one of the two most influential theologians in Western history (along with Thomas Aquinas).2,15, Much classical thought (including most of Aristotle) was lost in medieval Europe, surviving only among the Arabs. Why don't you keep your fat French nose in your coffee? unemployment insurance, public health care). Western philosophy was born during the Archaic age of Greece (ca. History's lucky that you didn't write The Art of Rapping! He is also a pre-Socratic philosopher. (Thus, terms like "logical analysis" and "rational inquiry" are also synonymous.) I wouldn't exactly call myself a student of this plebe. Descartes was a staunch rationalist; that is, he believed that knowledge of reality could only be attained through reasoned analysis of innate knowledge (i.e. He is influenced by Thales, Anaximander. His main interests are cosmogenesis and Ontology. He belongs to pluralist school of thought. Accessed March 2010. The mad gadfly, philosophy was my invention! It should be noted first and foremost that philosophy in its traditional sense was science - philosophers (like Aristotle) used rationality to come to scientific knowledge of the world around us. 800-500 BC), when Greek thinkers broke with purely mythological explanations of the world by attempting to explain nature logically.
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